PGDUPDL IGNOU

Course Code: MEDSE-46 Answer all the questions. All questions carry 20 marks each. 1. What is development paradigm? Discuss human development as an important paradigm of development for developing countries. 2. What do you mean by poverty, inequality and unemployment? Critically discuss the interrelationship between them and measures to promote employment. 3. What is marginalization? […]

Course Code: MEDS-44 Answer all the questions. All questions carry 20 marks each. 1. What do you mean by project appraisal technique? Discuss different project appraisal techniques with suitable examples. 2. Discuss different types of monitoring and evaluation. 3. Explain different levels of measurement with suitable examples. 4. What do you mean by secondary data?

Course Code: MEDS-43 Answer all the questions. All questions carry 20 marks each. 1. Critically discuss urban development programmes initiated by the Government of India since independence. 2. What is bio-diversity? What are the steps required for conservation of bio-diversity? 3. Discuss the rent control reforms in India. 4. What do you mean by fiscal

Course Code: MEDS-42 1. Discuss the concept of affordable housing in urban areas. 2. What are the types and characteristics of urban waste? Discuss the recent governmental measures for solid waste management. 3. Define energy planning. Discuss the key principles of sustainable urban energy planning. 4. Discuss the major challenges of urban education with suitable

Course Code: MEDS-41 Answer all the questions. All questions carry 20 marks each. 1. What do you mean by urbanization? Discuss the main challenges of urbanization. 2. Distinguish between evolution of urbanization in the North and the South. 3. Why are urban ecosystem and climate changes not fully integrated into traditional urban planning? 4. Discuss